Fitzpatrick - <link> - A libertarian view of inalienable rights is man has a right to ownership over his life and therefore also his property, because he has invested time (i.e. part of his life) in it and thereby made it an extension of his life. However, if he initiates force against and to the detriment of another man, he alienates himself from the right to that part of his life which is required to pay his debt: "Rights are not inalienable, but only the possessor of a right can alienate himself from that right – no one else can take a man's rights from him."
An unalienable right is a basic human right which cannot be taken away by government.
17th-century English, philosopher John Locke discussed natural rights in his work, identified them as being "life, liberty, and estate (property)" and argued that such fundamental rights could not be surrendered in the social contract.
Thus in discussion of social contract theory, "inalienable rights" were said to be those rights that could not be surrendered by citizens to the sovereign. Such rights were thought to be natural rights, independent of positive law. However, many social contract theorists reasoned that in the natural state only the strongest could benefit from their rights. Thus people form an implicit social contract, ceding their natural rights to the authority to protect them from abuse, and living henceforth under the legal rights of that authority.
Neither can any state acquire such an authority over other states in virtue of any compacts or cessions. This is a case in which compacts are not binding. Civil liberty is, in this respect, on the same footing with religious liberty. As no people can lawfully surrender their religious liberty by giving up their right of judging for themselves in religion, or by allowing any human beings to prescribe to them what faith they shall embrace, or what mode of worship they shall practise, so neither can any civil societies lawfully surrender their civil liberty by giving up to any extraneous jurisdiction their power of legislating for themselves and disposing their property
Empirical studies: I challenge you to provide any measurable evidence that Government intrusion into markets results in better economic growth than Laissez Faire. You made a claim. Defend your assertions. Counter with research.
What does research tell us about the best balance between economic liberty and socialist quasi-slavery? <link> The indices of economic freedom attempt to measure (free market) economic freedom, and empirical studies based on these rankings have found them to be correlated with higher living standards, economic growth, income equality, less corruption and less political violence. For a sample example, see:
1. The Path To Sustainable Growth, Lessons From 20 Years Growth Differentials In Europe: (THE PATH TO SUSTAINABLE GROWTH)"Big government" is the main cause of Europe's weak performance. The oversized Public-Sector lacks productivity and undoes the entire productivity gains of the Private Sector, eradicating all of its outstanding performance and productiveness. Europe can improve its overall performance by copying the Irish success formulas: Scaling down Public Spending, downsizing bureaucracy, and shifting the tax burden from income on consumption. This book demonstrates why the Lisbon Agenda and decades of Keynesian inflationist demand stimulation have failed. It develops alternative and workable supply-side strategies as well as effective cures for humane growth and a financially sustainable social security… The main conclusion is that two factors of the public policy mix cause weak growth performances: excessive public spending and a demotivating tax structure, on the one hand, and over- consumption with a lack of savings and investment on the other hand. We conclude that the public sector in most European countries is far too large, depriving the private sector of the recourses to realize its full wealth potential.
2. US Joint Economic Commission: <link> -Government serves many useful functions, including some economic ones. The findings here support the view that the growth of government in newly emerging nations and economies tends to increase output. Presumably this reflects the reduction in transactions' costs and the improved environment for investment associated with a rule of law and enforceable property rights. At the same time, in modern times relative American federal government spending has expanded rapidly, reflecting sharp increases in transfer payments. The evidence suggests that large transfer payments in particular have negative consequences for growth. The results for the federal government are confirmed for state and local governments and several other countries. The findings suggest that a federal budget strategy of constraining spending growth below output growth, with particular attention paid to constraining transfer payments, would have positive effects on economic growth.
3. Economic Freedom Indexes: <link> "Public spending" or "Government size" or taxation" is different than "economic freedom." The curve shows that governments mostly tax, redistribute and spend themselves into economic destruction - even in nations with high degrees of economic freedom. The curve proves taxation, redistribution, and government size hinders economic growth in most Western nations because most nations tax their populations too much for optimal tax rates. The study tries to find the optimal tax rate which generates the most tax revenues. I would prefer to have less revenues and smaller government over the optimal rate.
Very recommended links:
1. 5% growth is no utopia. Causes of Growth differentials in europe. (Abstract WFA Study)
2. Causes of Growth Differentials in Europe: (Full Report of the WFA Study):
3. The myth of the Scandinavian Model. (The Brussels Journal)
4. Europe's Ailing Social Model: Fairy-Tale & Facts
5. Can we still avoid Inflation ( Friedrich A. Hayek on inflationary policies )
6. The Swedish model: Admire the best, forget the rest (The Economist)
7. Decay and the welfare state, Time to Reevaluate the European Social Model. Has the time come? (FT)
8. Dr Robert A. Mundell's Nobel Prize Lecture: "A Reconsideration of the 20th Century" claiming that Supply Side Economics leads to growth and price stability.
9. THE PATH TO SUSTAINABLE GROWTH - Lessons From 20 Years Growth Differentials In Europe.
More Research on Europe:
1. Is Europe Doomed to Continued Economic Stagnation? <link> Europe suffers from particular weaknesses. 2007 Index of Economic Freedom says, "Europe suffers from the second-worst regional score in labor freedom and is dead last in fiscal freedom from government.… [S]trong state sectors and rigid labor markets have already prompted significant social turmoil, not least in France."
2. Jean-Claude Trichet, "The Need for Structural Reforms in Europe," lecture to the Lisbon Council, June 4, 2007, at www.ecb.eu/press/key/date/2007/html/sp070604.en.html#fnid2 (June 7, 2007).
3. OpenEurope, "ICM Survey of Chief Executives for Open Europe," at www.openeurope.org.uk/research/businesspres.pdf
4. "The Road to Hell Was Paved with Good Intentions," The European Journal, March/April 2006, pp. 19–21, at <link>
5. Sean Dorgan, "How Ireland Became the Celtic Tiger," Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 1945, June 23, 2006, at <link>.
As for further evidence that the New Deal failed see these articles:
1. FDR's policies prolonged Depression by 7 years, UCLA economists calculate
Why the New Deal Failed
2. <link>
3. FDR's programs didn't succeed in pushing unemployment below 20 percent.
4. New Deal or Raw Deal?: How FDR's Economic Legacy Has Damaged America."
5. Cato's Jim Powell makes the case against the New Deal.