As a long time cyclist (40+ years) I have developed a pragmatic approach to safe and responsible cycling that has served me, and those around me well. First you must accept these "Truisms of the Road"
1. You the cyclist will be sharing the road with motorized vehicles much larger and stronger than yourself that can easily squash you like a bug
2. The humans (motorists) piloting those vehicles have been trained to follow a clear set of rules governing motorized transport on public roads.
3. Motorists are primarily aware of and trained to recognize other motorized vehicles on the roadway
4. The most often heard quote at the scene of a bicycle/motor vehicle accident is, "I never saw him/her"
Accepting these truisms the cyclist who values their own life will increase their chances of a long and happy cycling career by simply doing every thing in their power to increase the odds of BEING SEEN by following these simple rules:
1. Obey the Rules of the Road -Don't run lights, stop signs, ride on the wrong side of the road (or down a one way street, John). Think of your bicycle as a vehicle, follow the accepted rules for vehicles and you dramatically increase your chances of BEING SEEN as such. Give 'em what they expect.
2. Be Obvious - At the risk of offending the local fashion police dress in bright, perhaps garish clothing. I don't mind if people snicker at my bright "euro" lycra look. Their laughter assures that I have been seen. Use clearly understood (rules of the road) and obvious signals for lane changes and turns, just like a car without signals, well before you turn. Again, give 'em what they have been trained to expect. (as a side note, I'm not upset if I get an occasional rude gesture or remark because I'm riding at the right hand side of a through or turn lane on a multi-lane road, it means I have been seen - better obvious than squashed)
3. Use Common Sense - Sure it may be legal to ride a tight lane between parked cars and a line of stopped traffic, but it greatly increases your risk of collision. Does that make sense? As cyclists we often bemoan the fact that motorists are impatient if their trip is delayed 30 seconds waiting to get around us. What about the 10 or 15 second delay we experience at a stop sign or waiting for a car passenger to off-load? Use the golden rule and apply common sense. What's the hurry, you're on your bike, enjoy! You can be "right" all the way to the morgue.
Common sense can cut the other way too. Yes, occasionally I roll through stop signs. But only on weighing all of the factors in that situation. I do it in my car too if the situation and safety allows. But if I get a ticket, that's my bad. I don't whine about it, I broke the rules, I'm responsible.
4. Ride Defensively - In our "No Fear - Second Place is First Looser" culture the concept of defensive driving seems to be held in disfavor, except for Motorcycles and Bicycles. At all times plan ahead, imagine worst scenarios, and calculate the odds rather than taking chances and creating increased risk for yourself and others sharing the road. Oh, and remember why you are riding your bike. Hopefully it's because you enjoy it.