But why is all that land still in government hands instead of having been sold off to people who would use it commercially? Looked at from the local perspective, the federal government is a tremendous absentee landlord who controls the means of their livelihood.
Traditional Westerners made their living digging stuff up, cutting it down, or feeding animals. When the absentee landlord allowed or helped them to do it, they were supporters of the New Deal. Look at the 1948 electoral map. <link> The sponsor of the Taylor Grazing Act, which allows the lease of federally owned rangeland to private ranchers, was a senator from Wyoming who ran for Vice President on the Wallace ticket in '48.
There used to be a clutch of liberal Democratic senators from the Rocky Mountain and prairie states -- Mansfield, McGee, Church, Moss and McGovern come to mind. They disappeared, and the GOP became the dominant party out there, when the Democrats changed their policy so that the absentee landlord restricted extraction, in the name of environmentalism, instead of supporting it.
The turning point is symbolized by Wyoming Republican Malcolm Wallop's "OSHA Cowboy" ad in '76, 78 or 80. The ad showed a cowboy riding along -- the camera then pulled back to reveal his horse towing a port-a-john. Message was that the Democrats were trying to stop Westerners from being themselves, and it worked.
That the Democrats are making a comeback in the West is a sign that the old extractive economy is being swamped by a combination of techno-industry, suburbanization and tourism. The traditional Westerners are being outnumbered and bought out, and the future looks something like Vermont.