When I was a child, the state we lived in used to charge its licensing fees based on the weight of a car. The heavier the car, the higher the licensing fees. This did two things:

1. It charged the vehicles that caused the most wear on the roads a higher percent of the cost of fixing those roads. There were exemptions for farm vehicles, but, other than that, if it weighed more, you paid more.
2. It encouraged people to buy lighter vehicles, which caused less wear-and-tear on the roads and reduced expensive road repairs.