... women are more prone to depression, and why men are more likely to suffer from autism, stuttering, and dyslexia

Actually, with the exception of stuttering, there's a much simpler explanation for those differences supported by statistics... The number of people with a condition isn't the same as the number that are diagnosed with it, because the symptoms and society's assumptions both vary by gender. Best-known is cardiac trouble: females often have a different set of warning signs from the ones we're taught to look for, plus their complaints are taken less seriously, so the rate of diagnosis in women lags behind the number that have it.

It's pretty well-known that women are assumed to be more "emotional" than men, and also that they're far more likely to seek help for that kind of problem. This in turn has also made it so "depression" is described in terms of how it affects most females, of course. People diverging from that due to gender or personality are less likely to be identified as depressed.

In the case of autistic spectrum conditions, a few factors are now recognized as altering diagnostic rates in a number of populations. Just as in non-autistic kids, autistic boys are more prone to being aggressive, noisy, or hyperactive than the girls, which makes it much easier to notice when they're doing something unusual. Not surprisingly, the girls that are diagnosed have traditionally been more disruptive and less likely to speak than the autistic boys. It's now recognized that if the girls that are quiet and/or able to speak are included, the trait profile looks very different from autistic boys both in terms of difficulties and general behavior.

The differences between how boys and girls have traditionally been raised in our society is also a strong factor. Girls have been under more pressure to be inconspicuous, taught a greater number of specific rules about how to act around others, and are more often given active guidance by female relatives or friends; it has also traditionally been more acceptable for females to need assistance. Autistic females that couldn't/wouldn't be 'feminine' were simply assumed to be tomboys/butch/feminist, even if other traits pointed to an actual condition. It's telling that while more males supposedly are autistic, a greater number of autistic females are diagnosed (formally and self-identified) as teens or adults, and the gender proportions online are the opposite of the assumed rate in society.

I'm not denying that there are differences in the brains of men & women. I'm saying that the way it affects diagnostic rates isn't by determining how many people have a particular condition, but interacting with how our society identifies them formally.

A final note, unrelated to diagnostic rates... As you'll find stated by most autistic teens & adults (+ kids raised by non-cure parents), including the ones that use sign language or type (i.e. unable to speak), they object strongly to the assumption that they "suffer from" autism. They feel being autistic is like gender (i.e. something one is rather than an external thing one has): a set of different traits & weaknesses/strengths defining their sensory experience, thoughts, emotional reactions, expression, and other levels of self. Causes of suffering are a matter of how they are treated by others -- taught that nobody can like them from an early age, harassed for their differences, excluded, often bullied even as adults on the job, put through physically/emotionally painful 'treatment' (some illegal to do to terrorists or convicted murderers), or even murdered (with the killer often getting a slap on the wrist).