Re: Bring Me the Head of Robert Pinsky: "In the Fourth Grade
by
angry young man
07/08/2008, 2:26 PM
Good point. It's imagism run amok. The Wikipedia entry on Pound's "In a Station of the Metro" is a nice primer on what poets need to get back to: an economy of images that, taken together by the reader, create tension, complexity, etc. I should add that I'm a great fan of haiku when it's done right. I'd recommend Richard Wright's book of haiku.
In a Station of the Metro
The apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet, black bough.
Ezra Pound’s In a Station of the Metro, first published in 1913 is considered one of the leading poems of the Imagist tradition. Written in a Japanese haiku style, Pound’s process of deletion from thirty lines to only fourteen words typifies Imagism’s
focus on economy of language, precision of imagery and experimenting
with non-traditional verse forms. The poem is Pound’s written
equivalent for the moment of revelation and intense emotion he felt at
the Metro at La Concorde, Paris. Pound explains in his article “Vorticism”,
found in the April 1916 publication ‘Gaudier Brzeska’ that upon seeing
faces in the crowd he was inspired by such beauty. He wished to convert
this into language but all he could see was ‘splotches of colour’,
ideal for expression in a painting. It took Pound two years to find an
‘equation’ to translate this vision into a poem. The poem’s brevity
means that no word works independently but when used collectively they
create tension and emotion. The thought process Pound used to reach
this abbreviated ‘revelation’ is accomplished without the use of a
single verb. Pound’s minimalist approach perhaps revisits his original
speechlessness of the vision that mystified him at the metro station.
Despite its meager physical appearance, the poem has spawned much
literary criticism and controversy over its meaning, intention and
value.
The poem is essentially a set of images that have unexpected
likeness and convey the rare emotion that Pound was experiencing at
that time. Arguably the heart of the poem is not the first line, nor
the second, but the mental process that links the two together. "In a
poem of this sort," as Pound explained, "one is trying to record the
precise instant when a thing outward and objective transforms itself,
or darts into a thing inward and subjective." This darting takes place
between the first and second lines. The pivotal semi-colon has stirred
debate as to whether the first line is in fact subordinate to the
second or both lines are of equal, independent importance. Pound
contrasts the factual, mundane image that he actually witnessed with a
metaphor from nature and thus infuses this “apparition” with visual
beauty. There is a quick transition from the statement of the first
line to the second line’s vivid metaphor; this ‘super-pository’
technique exemplifies the Japanese haiku style. The word “apparition”
is considered crucial as it evokes a mystical and supernatural sense of
imprecision which is then reinforced by the metaphor of the second
line. The plosive word ‘Petals’ conjures ideas of delicate, feminine
beauty which contrasts with the bleakness of the ‘wet, black bough’.
What the poem signifies is questionable; many critics argue that it
deliberately transcends traditional form and therefore its meaning is
solely found in its technique as opposed to in its content. However
when Pound had the inspiration to write this poem few of these
considerations came into view. He simply wished to translate his
perception of beauty in the midst of ugliness into a single, perfect
image in written form.